Some Useful Commands for Ubuntu and Kali Linux.

Below are the list of commands:-

Commands	Command usages and details

$apropos	Search Help manual pages (man -k)
$apt-get	Search for and install software packages (Debian)
$aptitude	Search for and install software packages (Debian)
$aspell	Spell Checker
$awk	Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
$basename	Strip directory and suffix from filenames
$bash	GNU Bourne-Again Shell
$bc	Arbitrary precision calculator language
$bg	Send to background
$break	Exit from a loop
$builtin	Run a shell builtin
$bzip2	Compress or decompress named files
$cal	Display a calendar
$case	Conditionally perform a command
$cat	Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
$cd	Change Directory
$cfdisk	Partition table manipulator for Linux
$chgrp	Change group ownership
$chmod	Change access permissions
$chown	Change file owner and group
$chroot	Run a command with a different root directory
$chkconfig	System services (runlevel)
$cksum	Print CRC checksum and byte counts
$clear	Clear terminal screen
$cmp	Compare two files
$comm	Compare two sorted files line by line
$command	Run a command – ignoring shell functions
$continue	Resume the next iteration of a loop
$cp	Copy one or more files to another location
$cron	Daemon to execute scheduled commands
$crontab	Schedule a command to run at a later time
$csplit	Split a file into context-determined pieces
$cut	Divide a file into several parts
$date	Display or change the date and time
$dc	Desk Calculator
$dd	Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
$ddrescue	Data recovery tool
$declare	Declare variables and give them attributes
$df	Display free disk space
$diff	Display the differences between two files
$diff3	Show differences among three files
$dig	DNS lookup
$dir	Briefly list directory contents
$dircolors	Colour setup for `ls’
$dirname	Convert a full pathname to just a path
$dirs	Display list of remembered directories
$dmesg	Print kernel & driver messages
$du	Estimate file space usage
$echo	Display message on screen
$egrep	Search files for lines that match an extended expression
$eject	Eject removable media
$enable	Enable and disable builtin shell commands
$env	Environment variables
$ethtool	Ethernet card settings
$eval	Evaluate several commands/arguments
$exec	Execute a command
$exit	Exit the shell
$expect	Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
$expand	Convert tabs to spaces
$export	Set an environment variable
$expr	Evaluate expressions
$false	Do nothing, unsuccessfully
$fdformat	Low-level format a floppy disk
$fdisk	Partition table manipulator for Linux
$fg	Send job to foreground
$fgrep	Search files for lines that match a fixed string
$file	Determine file type
$find	Search for files that meet a desired criteria
$fmt	Reformat paragraph text
$fold	Wrap text to fit a specified width
$for	Expand words, and execute commands
$format	Format disks or tapes
$free	Display memory usage
$fsck	File system consistency check and repair
$ftp	File Transfer Protocol
$function	Define Function Macros
$fuser	Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
$gawk	Find and Replace text within files
$getopts	Parse positional parameters
$grep	Search files for lines that match a given pattern
$groupadd	Add a user security group
$groupdel	Delete a group
$groupmod	Modify a group
$groups	Print group names a user is in
$gzip	Compress or decompress named files
$hash	Remember the full pathname of a name argument
$head	Output the first part of files
$help	Display help for a built-in command
$history	Command History
$hostname	Print or set system name
$iconv	Convert the character set of a file
$id	Print user and group id’s
$if	Conditionally perform a command
$ifconfig	Configure a network interface
$ifdown	Stop a network interface
$ifup	Start a network interface up
$import	Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
$install	Copy files and set attributes
$jobs	List active jobs
$join	Join lines on a common field
$kill	Stop a process from running
$killall	Kill processes by name
$less	Display output one screen at a time
$let	Perform arithmetic on shell variables
$ln	Create a symbolic link to a file
$local	Create variables
$locate	Find files
$logname	Print current login name
$logout	Exit a login shell
$look	Display lines beginning with a given string
$lpc	Line printer control program
$lpr	Off line print
$lprint	Print a file
$lprintd	Abort a print job
$lprintq	List the print queue
$lprm	Remove jobs from the print queue
$ls	List information about files
$lsof	List open files
$make	Recompile a group of programs
$man	Help manual
$mkdir	Create new folders
$mkfifo	Make FIFOs (named pipes)
$mkisofs	Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
$mknod	Make block or character special files
$more	Display output one screen at a time
$mount	Mount a file system
$mtools	Manipulate MS-DOS files
$mtr	Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
$mv	Move or rename files or directories
$mmv	Mass Move and rename files
$netstat	Networking information
$nice	Set the priority of a command or job
$nl	Number lines and write files
$nohup	Run a command immune to hangups
$notify-send	Send desktop notifications
$nslookup	Query Internet name servers interactively
$open	Open a file in its default application
$op	Operator access
$passwd	Modify a user password
$paste	Merge lines of files
$pathchk	Check file name portability
$ping	Test a network connection
$pkill	Stop processes from running
$popd	Restore the previous value of the current directory
$pr	Prepare files for printing
$printcap	Printer capability database
$printenv	Print environment variables
$printf	Format and print data
$ps	Process status
$pushd	Save and then change the current directory
$pwd	Print Working Directory
$quota	Display disk usage and limits
$quotacheck	Scan a file system for disk usage
$quotactl	Set disk quotas
$ram	ram disk device
$rcp	Copy files between two machines
$read	Read a line from standard input
$readarray	Read from stdin into an array variable
$readonly	Mark variables/functions as readonly
$reboot	Reboot the system
$rename	Rename files
$renice	Alter priority of running processes
$remsync	Synchronize remote files via email
$return	Exit a shell function
$rev	Reverse lines of a file
$rm	Remove files
$rmdir	Remove folders
$rsync	Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
$screen	Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
$scp	Secure copy (remote file copy)
$sdiff	Merge two files interactively
$sed	Stream Editor
$select	Accept keyboard input
$seq	Print numeric sequences
$set	Manipulate shell variables and functions
$sftp	Secure File Transfer Program
$shift	Shift positional parameters
$shopt	Shell Options
$shutdown	Shutdown or restart linux
$sleep	Delay for a specified time
$slocate	Find files
$sort	Sort text files
$source	Run commands from a file
$split	Split a file into fixed-size pieces
$ssh	Secure Shell client (remote login program)
$strace	Trace system calls and signals
$su	Substitute user identity(superuser)
$sudo	Execute a command as another/root user
$sum	Print a checksum for a file
$suspend	Suspend execution of this shell
$symlink	Make a new name for a file
$sync	Synchronize data on disk with memory
$tail	Output the last part of file
$tar	Tape Archiver
$tee	Redirect output to multiple files
$test	Evaluate a conditional expression
$time	Measure Program running time
$times	User and system times
$touch	Change file timestamps
$top	List processes running on the system
$traceroute	Trace Route to Host
$trap	Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
$tr	Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
$true	Do nothing, successfully
$tsort	Topological sort
$tty	Print filename of terminal on stdin
$type	Describe a command
$ulimit	Limit user resources
$umask	Users file creation mask
$umount	Unmount a device
$unalias	Remove an alias
$uname	Print system information
$unexpand	Convert spaces to tabs
$uniq	Uniquify files
$units	Convert units from one scale to another
$unset	Remove variable or function names
$unshar	Unpack shell archive scripts
$until	Execute commands (until error)
$uptime	Show uptime
$useradd	Create new user account
$usermod	Modify user account
$users	List users currently logged in
$uuencode	Encode a binary file
$uudecode	Decode a file created by uuencode
$v	Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
$vdir	Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
$vi	Text Editor
$vmstat	Report virtual memory statistics
$wait	Wait for a process to complete
$watch	Execute/display a program periodically
$wc	Print byte, word, and line counts
$whereis	Search the user’s $path, man pages and source files for a program
$which	Search the user’s $path for a program file
$while	Execute commands
$who	Print all usernames currently logged in
$whoami	Print the current user id and name (`id -un’)
$wget	Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
$write	Send a message to another user
$xargs	Execute utility, passing constructed argument lists
$xdg-open	Open a file or URL in the user’s preferred application
$yes	Print a string until interrupted

Tags: Linux Commands

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